In practice, "institutional" racism is created by public (or organizational) policies that intentionally favor, empower, or enrich one particular racial group (or groups)---to the exclusion of other racial groups---or is demonstrated by public (or organizational) policies that intentionally discriminate against a specific racial group.
Institutionalized racism can also be disguised in "public" spending programs that effectively only impact or favor one particular racial group---rather than the "aggregate" population.
If you scrutinize who disparately benefits from Team Obama's "social" spending programs---and who will be enriched from his various "diversity" programs---Obama's public policy agenda often appears to represent a new age of institutional racism.But the Obama Administration is not alone in advancing institutionalized racism. Racial discrimination is inherent in any "affirmative action" policy that gives preferential treatment to a racial group over the personal achievements of an individual---regardless of his/her race.
Whenever any public governing organization "discriminates" against individuals---based on their racial group---that governing body's action also amounts to institutionalized racism.
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